In a 2D grid of 0s and 1s, we change at most one 0 to a 1. After, what is the size of the largest island? (An island is a 4-directionally connected gr ...

We are given head, the head node of a linked list containing unique integer values. We are also given the list G, a subset of the values in the linked ...

In a directed graph, we start at some node and every turn, walk along a directed edge of the graph. If we reach a node that is terminal (that is, it ...

Given a list of lists of integers, nums, return all elements of nums in diagonal order as shown in the below images. ExampleNo.1 Input: nums = [[1,2,3 ...

Given a matrix of M x N elements (M rows, N columns), return all elements of the matrix in diagonal order as shown in the below image. ExampleInput:[ ...

Given a set of points in the xy-plane, determine the minimum area of any rectangle formed from these points, with sides not necessarily parallel to th ...

Given a set of points in the xy-plane, determine the minimum area of a rectangle formed from these points, with sides parallel to the x and y axes. If ...

通过散列函数可以确保数据内容的完整性，但这还远远不够。此外，还需要确保数据来源的可认证（鉴别）性和数据发送行为的不可否认性。数字签名针对以数字形式存储的消息进行处理，产生一种带有操作者身份信息的编码。执行数字签名的实体称为签名者，签名过程中所使用的算法称为签名算法（Signature Algorit ...

散列函数，又称哈希函数、信息摘要函数、单向函数或杂凑函数。散列函数的主要作用不是完成数据加密与解密的工作，它是用来验证数据完整性的重要技术。通过散列函数，可以为数据创建“数字指纹”（散列值）。散列值通常是一个短的随机字母和数字组成的字符串。 在上述认证流程中，信息收发双方在通信前已经商定了具体的散 ...

非对称密码体制的加密密钥和解密密钥不相同，分为两个密钥，一个公开，一个保密。公开的密钥称为公钥，保密的密钥称为私钥。非对称密码体制使得发送者和接收者之间以无密钥传输的方法进行保密通信成为了可能，弥补了对称密码体制的缺陷。 在非对称密码体制中，公钥和私钥均可用于加密与解密操作，但它与对称密码体制有极 ...